Nkhani Zaukadaulo

Muzochitika zosamalira bwino m'mafakitale onse okonza zinthu, kulephera kwa ma valve system nthawi zambiri sikuchitika chifukwa cha thupi la valve lokha. M'malo mwake, nthawi zambiri ndi zinthu zamkati—ma valvu omwe amawonongeka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa pamwamba, mipando ya ma valve yomwe imataya mphamvu chifukwa cha kupanikizika, kapena ma plagi glands omwe amapakira chifukwa cha kutopa kwa kutentha—zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makinawo asakhazikike, kutayikira, kapena kutsekedwa kosayembekezereka.

Ponena za njira zokonzera ma valavu, ntchito zambiri zimagwerabe mumsampha womwewo—kugula zida zotsika mtengo, kusintha nthawi zambiri, ndikusunga nthawi yogwira ntchito. Koma m'mafakitale omwe amapanga mosalekeza kapena omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri pamakina, mtengo wobisika wosinthira nthawi zambiri umaposa kwambiri ndalama zomwe zimasungidwa pamtengo woyamba.

Zipangizo zamafakitale zikasinthidwa, chidwi chachikulu chimayang'ana kwambiri makina odziyimira pawokha, mapulogalamu owongolera, kapena kusintha kwakukulu kwa mapaipi. Komabe, pansi pa kusinthaku kooneka bwino pali gulu la zinthu zomwe sizimatchuka kwambiri koma ndizofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwenikweni: magawo a ma valavu apadera.

M'mafakitale monga mankhwala, kukonza chakudya, ndi zitsulo zotentha kwambiri, mainjiniya omwe ali pamalopo amadziwa kuti kulephera kwa ma valve nthawi zambiri kumayamba ndi thupi. Ndi ziwalo zazing'ono zomwe zimatuluka poyamba—mitengo yopindika, ma glands onyamula zinthu omwe amatuluka, kapena mipando yosweka. Izi si zoopsa zongopeka; zimayambitsa kutseka kwenikweni, kulephera kwa batch, komanso kuchedwa kupanga.

Mu malo opangira mafuta, mankhwala, magetsi, ndi madzi, makina opangira ma valavu amachita gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakuyendetsa madzi ndi kuwongolera chitetezo. Pakukonza mafakitale enieni, zomwe zimayambitsa nthawi yogwira ntchito kapena kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito nthawi zambiri si thupi la valavu lokha, koma zigawo zamkati mwa valavu—zitsamba, mipando, mipira, zolumikizira zonyamula, ndi zina zofunika.

Mphete yothandizira mbali zotere, mu kapangidwe kake konse kosindikizira ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri 'lobisika'. Ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri saliyang'anira kwambiri, koma kwenikweni, kapangidwe kapena kukonza sikuli bwino, kugawa mphamvu yokakamiza ya chisindikizo cha mpando wa valavu, mphete ya PTFE kudzakhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu, makamaka pakusintha kwa kuthamanga kwambiri kapena kutentha m'chilengedwe komwe kumawonekera bwino.

Mu kapangidwe ka mavavu a mpira ndi mavavu a chipata, bokosi lodzaza ngati gawo lalikulu la dongosolo lotsekera tsinde, ngakhale kuti limakhala lokhazikika, koma limagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri yopewera kutayikira kwa media.

Shaft yapansi ya valavu yokhazikika nthawi zambiri imakhala yosavuta kunyalanyaza koma yokwera mtengo kwambiri. Kaya pakati pa mpirawo pazungulira bwino komanso ngati mzerewo wasunthidwa kapena ayi, nthawi zambiri zimatengera ngati kukula ndi datum yapakati ya shaft yapansi iyi zayang'aniridwa mu gawo la machining ndi assembly.

Mu dongosolo la mafakitale lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito panopa, chitetezo ndi kukhazikika kwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali zikupitirizabe kusintha maziko, thupi la valavu monga zigawo zazikulu za kuthamanga, kapangidwe kake ka nzeru ndi kayendetsedwe ka njira zopangira zimakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito a makinawo.